{"id":199,"date":"2022-04-28T12:11:17","date_gmt":"2022-04-28T09:11:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/?p=199"},"modified":"2022-05-16T22:36:19","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T19:36:19","slug":"seivamedziai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/?p=199","title":{"rendered":"\u0160eivamed\u017eiai"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0160EIVAMED\u017dIAI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s1-sambucus-nigra-black-beauty-140611-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s1-sambucus-nigra-black-beauty-140611-5.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s1-sambucus-nigra-black-beauty-140611-5-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160eivamed\u017eio pavadinimas pamin\u0117tas dar Plinijaus ra\u0161tuose. Manoma, kad jis kil\u0119s nuo \u017eod\u017eio sambuce \u2013 fleita. Graik\u0173 piemenys i\u0161 tu\u0161\u010diaviduri\u0173 j\u0173 kamien\u0173 darydavo \u0161vilpynes. Genties pavadinim\u0105 \u012fteisino K. Lin\u0117jus, remdamasis juoduogio \u0161eivamed\u017eio apra\u0161ymu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar jie Lietuvoje savaiminiai? Dar neseniai visi dendrologiniai leidiniai tvirtino \u2013 ne. Tiesa, 1785 metais \u017diliberas, o 1791 m. B. Jundzilas juos mini kaip Lietuvos floros augalus, bet tuomet Lietuvos ribos atrod\u0117 visai kitaip. Neseni pelki\u0173 durpi\u0173 sluoksni\u0173 tyrimai atskleid\u0117, kad keli\u0173 \u0161imtme\u010di\u0173 nuos\u0117dose yra nema\u017eai \u0161eivamed\u017ei\u0173 \u017eiedadulki\u0173. Vadinasi, buvo savaiminiai? \u017dinoma, teori\u0161kai jas gal\u0117jo atne\u0161ti debesys, v\u0117jas. Bet senosios Lietuvos \u017eolinink\u0117s apie juos \u017einojo. Mano vaikyst\u0117je m\u016bs\u0173 dz\u016bki\u0161ko kaimo \u017eolinink\u0117 j\u0173 \u0161akeli\u0173 ir \u0161akn\u0173 parsine\u0161davo po kelioni\u0173 \u012f Vilni\u0173. Kaimo moter\u0117l\u0117s, priruo\u0161usios mi\u0161ko g\u0117rybi\u0173, p\u0117s\u010diomis iki sostin\u0117s keliaudavo apie 60 kilometr\u0173. Mat u\u017e darb\u0105 kol\u016bkie\u010diai pinig\u0173 negaudavo. M\u016bs\u0173 kra\u0161te \u0161eivamed\u017ei\u0173 nebuvo, bet tarp Sen\u0173j\u0173 Trak\u0173 ir Lentvario bei ar\u010diau Vilniaus jie auga. \u017dolinink\u0117 j\u0173 ir prisirinkdavo, tik vadino pelia\u0161\u016bd\u017eiu. Man, jau studentui, parve\u017eus kelet\u0105 daigeli\u0173 juos i\u0161kart pa\u017eino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160eivamed\u017eio (<em>Sambucus<\/em>) gentis prad\u017eioje buvo priskiriama sausmedini\u0173 (<em>Caprifoliaceae<\/em>), v\u0117liau i\u0161skirta \u012f atskir\u0105 \u0161eivamedini\u0173 (<em>Sambucaceae<\/em>), o dabar \u012fvardijama kaip \u016bksmini\u0173 (<em>Adoxaceae<\/em>) \u0161eimos gentis. Pasaulyje priskai\u010diuojama vir\u0161 20 \u0161eivamed\u017ei\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. Europoje savaimini\u0173 3, o i\u0161 viso auginama 14 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173, 3 por\u016b\u0161i\u0173 ir apie 80 veisli\u0173 bei kultivar\u0173. Neskaitant botanikos sod\u0173 Lietuvoje pla\u010diau \u017einomos 2 r\u016b\u0161ys ir keliolika j\u0173 kultivar\u0173, o gerokai retesn\u0117s dar 2 r\u016b\u0161ys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u017dolinis \u0161eivamedis (<em>S. ebulus<\/em>).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s2-sambucus-zolinis-12077.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s2-sambucus-zolinis-12077.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s2-sambucus-zolinis-12077-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"617\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s3-sambucus-ebulus.5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s3-sambucus-ebulus.5.jpg 617w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s3-sambucus-ebulus.5-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 617px) 100vw, 617px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarnaudamas kariuomen\u0117je Karaliau\u010diaus srityje kariniuose poligonuose, \u0161audyklose ir atsarginiame aerodrome j\u0173 vis pamatydavau. Ir prie pat Lietuvos, Dobrovolsko poligone \u0160irvintos up\u0117s pakrant\u0117je. O u\u017e up\u0117s \u2013 Lietuva. Ko gero, Rytpr\u016bsiuose tai buvo da\u017ena dar\u017eeli\u0173 g\u0117l\u0117. Lietuvoje ka\u017ekada augintas Klaip\u0117doje, Palangoje, Vilniuje, Kudirkos Naumiestyje. Pats jo Lietuvoje nesu mat\u0119s. Tai puskr\u016bmis \u017eoline ant\u017eemine dalimi, pasak literat\u016bros 0,5 \u2013 2 m auk\u0161\u010dio augalas. Visi mano matyti buvo apie 0,8 \u2013 1,0 m. Auga upi\u0173 sl\u0117niuose, \u0161laituose, ne\u0161ienaujamose pievose, ganyklose, atvirose vietose. Niekada nema\u010diau mi\u0161ke ar auk\u0161tesniuose kr\u016bmuose. Plinta \u0161akn\u0173 at\u017ealomis (matyti augalai dideli\u0173 s\u0105\u017ealyn\u0173 nesudar\u0117) ir labai lengvai s\u0117klomis. Nat\u016braliai paplit\u0119s nuo pietin\u0117s \u0160vedijos, per Ukrain\u0105, Kaukaz\u0105 iki Vid. Azijos ir \u0160V Afrikoje bei Madeiros saloje. \u017dydi bir\u017eelio \u2013 liepos m\u0117nesiais. \u017diedynas &#8211; stiebo vir\u0161\u016bn\u0117je esantis netikras sk\u0117tis. \u017died\u0173 vainiklap\u0117liai balti, i\u0161or\u0117je kiek rausvai balti, kuokeliai rausvi (skirtumas nuo juoduogio, kurio kuokeliai gelsvi). Sk\u0117\u010dio skersmuo apie 10 (15) cm, jis visada stiebo vir\u0161\u016bn\u0117je, nenusvir\u0119s (juoduogio sk\u0117\u010diai ir vaisiai da\u017eniausiai nusvir\u0119). Per\u017eyd\u0117jus\u012f augal\u0105 ne pras\u010diau puo\u0161ia nokstantys vaisiai, i\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 tamsiai rausvi, sunok\u0119 juodi uogos pavidalo kaulavaisiai. Augalas nestipriai, bet nemaloniai (\u017eied\u0173 kvapas primena kar\u010di\u0173j\u0173 migdol\u0173) kvepia. \u017diedai nektaro turi nedaug, tad kvapu augalas prisivilioja daugiau vabzd\u017ei\u0173. Nuodingas. Nuodingi ir jo vaisiai. S\u0117klos sunoksta rugs\u0117j\u012f \u2013 spal\u012f. \u201eUogoje\u201c \u2013 apie 5 mm skersmens kaulavaisyje \u2013 j\u0173 da\u017eniausiai b\u016bna po 3. Senoje literat\u016broje ra\u0161yta, kad 20 uog\u0173 \u017emogui mirtina doz\u0117. Dabar i\u0161ai\u0161kinta, kad jos&nbsp; n\u0117ra tokios pavojingos, tik sukelia pykinim\u0105, v\u0117mim\u0105. \u017diem\u0105 \u0161io \u0161eivamed\u017eio ant\u017eemin\u0117 \u017eolin\u0117 dalis sunyksta, lieka tik po\u017eeminis \u0161akniastiebis. Auginamas dar\u017eeliuose lengvai sulauk\u0117ja. Gal ir mano matyti pab\u0117g\u0119 i\u0161 dar\u017eeli\u0173?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis (<em>S. nigra<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s4-sambucus-nigra-130618-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s4-sambucus-nigra-130618-3.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s4-sambucus-nigra-130618-3-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s5-samb.-nig5-040614.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s5-samb.-nig5-040614.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s5-samb.-nig5-040614-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s5-sambucus-nigra-su-ziedais-2011-09-13-29.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s5-sambucus-nigra-su-ziedais-2011-09-13-29.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s5-sambucus-nigra-su-ziedais-2011-09-13-29-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nat\u016braliai auga lygumose ir kalnuose iki 1600 m auk\u0161\u010dio Vidurio ir Vakar\u0173 Europoje, Kaukaze, Ma\u017eojoje Azijoje, \u0160iaur\u0117s Afrikoje 6 \u2013 8 klimato zonose \u0161viesiuose mi\u0161kuose, paj\u016brio kopose. Klesti dykviet\u0117se, griuv\u0117siuose. Jo \u0161iaurin\u0117 paplitimo riba eina per Karaliau\u010diaus srit\u012f, Baltarusij\u0105. Lietuvoje jau seniai sulauk\u0117j\u0119s. Kaune da\u017enai auga Aleksoto ir \u017daliakalnio \u0161laituose dykviet\u0117se, atvirose vietose ir nedideliame pav\u0117syje. Dirva tinkamiausia neutrali ar kiek \u0161armin\u0117, lengva ar vidutinio sunkumo, kiek dr\u0117gnoka, bet b\u016btinai turinti daug azoto. Kr\u016bmai, kartais med\u017eiai, i\u0161auga iki 4 \u2013 5 (10) m auk\u0161\u010dio ir 4 \u2013 5 m skersmens sk\u0117ti\u0161ka ar rutuli\u0161ka laja. \u017dydi gegu\u017e\u0117s pabaigoje \u2013 bir\u017eel\u012f (kai kurie dekoratyviniai kultivarai bir\u017eel\u012f \u2013 liep\u0105). \u017diedai balti, j\u0173 kuokeliai gelsvi, susitelk\u0119 \u012f 10 \u2013 15 cm skersmens skydi\u0161kus \u017eiedynus. Kaulavaisiai juodi, 6 \u2013 8 mm skersmens, kartais pailgi. Juose po 3 (2 -4) s\u0117klas. S\u0117klos balsvos, plok\u0161\u010dios. Sunoksta rugs\u0117jo m\u0117n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dekoratyvin\u0117je sodininkyst\u0117je plinta apie 40&nbsp;<strong>juoduogio \u0161eivamed\u017eio kultivar\u0173<\/strong>, kurie vis labiau populiar\u0117ja ir Lietuvoje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s6-samb-nigra-albovarieg-070612.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s6-samb-nigra-albovarieg-070612.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s6-samb-nigra-albovarieg-070612-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis &#8216;Albovariegata&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s7-samb.-n.-aur-040714.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s7-samb.-n.-aur-040714.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s7-samb.-n.-aur-040714-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis &#8216;Aurea&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s8-sambucus-nigra-gerda-140611-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s8-sambucus-nigra-gerda-140611-7.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s8-sambucus-nigra-gerda-140611-7-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis &#8216;Gerda&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s9-samb.-n.-guincho-p-040925-baltez.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s9-samb.-n.-guincho-p-040925-baltez.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s9-samb.-n.-guincho-p-040925-baltez-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis &#8216;Guincho Purple&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s10-samb.-nig.-lacin2-040712.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s10-samb.-nig.-lacin2-040712.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s10-samb.-nig.-lacin2-040712-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis &#8216;Laciniata&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"615\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s10a-sambucus-nigra-linearis-120710.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s10a-sambucus-nigra-linearis-120710.jpg 615w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s10a-sambucus-nigra-linearis-120710-300x234.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis &#8216;Linearis&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s11-sambucus-nigra-pulverulenta-160717-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s11-sambucus-nigra-pulverulenta-160717-1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s11-sambucus-nigra-pulverulenta-160717-1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis &#8216;Pulverulenta&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"583\" height=\"442\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s12-img_9111-sambucus-nigra-margalapis-2018-09-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s12-img_9111-sambucus-nigra-margalapis-2018-09-10.jpg 583w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s12-img_9111-sambucus-nigra-margalapis-2018-09-10-300x227.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Juoduogis \u0161eivamedis &#8211; daug morfologini\u0173 form\u0173 turinti, gausi mutacijomis r\u016b\u0161is. Nuotraukoje &#8211; i\u0161 juodojo \u0161eivamed\u017eio s\u0117klos i\u0161dyg\u0119s s\u0117jinukas &#8211; mutantas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018Albovariegata\u2018 kr\u016bmas iki 3 \u2013 4m auk\u0161\u010dio, baltai margais lapais; \u2018Aurea\u2018 jauni lapai aukso geltonumo, v\u0117liau gelsvai \u017eali; \u2018Aureovariegata\u2018 geltonais lap\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010diais; \u2018Gerda\u2018 (pardavin\u0117jau komerciniu pavadinimu Black Beauty) lapai tamsiai purpuriniai, geroje dirvoje beveik juodi, kr\u016bmas iki 3 m auk\u0161\u010dio, jo \u017eiedai ro\u017einiai, skleid\u017eiasi bir\u017eel\u012f \u2013 liep\u0105. 2000 metais Boskope (Plantarium Boscoop) parodoje gavo bronzos medal\u012f; \u2018Ewa\u2018 (Black Lace) pana\u0161ios lap\u0173 spalvos, tik jie karpyti kaip \u2018Laciniata\u2018. \u017diedai ro\u017einiai; \u2018Fructo Luteo\u2018 prinok\u0119 vaisiai geltonos spalvos; \u2018Guincho Purple\u2018 lapai tamsiai purpuriniai, ruden\u0117jant rausta. \u017diedai rausvai balti, \u017eydi bir\u017eelio liepos m\u0117nesiais, labai kvap\u016bs. Nereiklus dirvai, atsparus sausrai ir u\u017eter\u0161tam orui; \u2018Laciniata\u2018 kr\u016bmas giliai karpytais lapais. Baltais \u017eiedais \u017eydi bir\u017eel\u012f \u2013 liep\u0105; \u2018Madonna\u2018 \u2013 tankus kr\u016bmas pla\u010diai geltonais lap\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010diais; \u2018Eifel \u2013 1\u2018 (Black Tower) laja koloni\u0161ka, lapai tamsiai purpuriniai; \u2018Monstrosa\u2018 labai originalios lajos formos, lapai \u017eali; \u2018Marginata\u2018 lap\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010diai balti; \u2018Naomi\u2018 \u2013 dar platesniais baltais pakra\u0161\u010diais; \u2018Pulverulenta\u2018 jauni lapai beveik balti, v\u0117liau su gausybe balt\u0173 d\u0117meli\u0173 ir ta\u0161keli\u0173. Kr\u016bmas auga l\u0117\u010diau u\u017e kitus, bet pasiekia 3 m auk\u0161t\u012f. Labai puo\u0161nus, i\u0161 toliau atrodo gausiai \u017eydintis; \u2018Pendula\u2018 \u0161akel\u0117s svyran\u010dios, lapai \u017eali. \u0160ie ir kiti, re\u010diau sutinkami kultivarai nelabai tiks ma\u017eiems dar\u017eeliams, nes i\u0161auga didoki ir plat\u016bs, bet puikiai papuo\u0161 erdvesnes zonas, parkus, u\u017edengs nedekoratyvius pastatus. Yra i\u0161vesta keliolika veisli\u0173, auginam\u0173 kaip vaiskr\u016bmiai (daugiausia Vokietijoje): \u2018Allesoe\u2018, \u2018Alv\u2018, \u2018Donau\u2018, \u2018Hamburg\u2018, \u2018Korsar\u2018, \u2018Riese aus Vossroch\u2018, \u2018Sambu\u2018 ir kt. Jos pasi\u017eymi didesniu derliumi, stambesn\u0117mis kek\u0117mis, turi daugiau vitamin\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kanadinis \u0161eivamedis (<em>S. canadensis<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s13-img_4959-sambucus-canadensis-aurea.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s13-img_4959-sambucus-canadensis-aurea.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s13-img_4959-sambucus-canadensis-aurea-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Labai pana\u0161us \u012f juoduog\u012f. Dalis botanik\u0173 j\u012f net laiko juoduogio por\u016b\u0161iu (<em>S. nigra<\/em>&nbsp;ssp.&nbsp;<em>canadensis<\/em>) ar varietetu. Mano auginti nuo juoduogio skyr\u0117si plaukuotais (\u0161eriuotais) stiebais ir antramet\u0117mis \u0161akel\u0117mis, ant kuri\u0173 lenticeli\u0173 nedaug (juoduogio lenticeli\u0173 daug). Nat\u016braliai paplit\u0119s rytin\u0117je \u0160. Amerikos dalyje nuo Atlanto vandenyno iki Did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 e\u017eer\u0173 pietin\u0117je Kanados dalyje ir beveik pus\u0117je JAV teritorijos iki Teksaso pietuose. \u0160is \u0161eivamedis atsparesnis \u0161al\u010diui, auga 4 \u2013 9 klimato zonose, neap\u0161\u0105la iki -30\u00b0C. I\u0161auga iki 4 m auk\u0161\u010dio (mano auginti nedaug vir\u0161ydavo 2 m). Jo \u017eiedai kvepia daug maloniau, nei juoduogio, gelsvai balti, pla\u010diuose skydi\u0161kuose \u017eiedynuose. \u0160erdis, kaip ir juoduogio, balta. \u017dydi pana\u0161iu metu. Vaisiai smulkesni, sunok\u0119 turi purpurin\u012f atspalv\u012f, juodi. T\u0117vyn\u0117je kanadinis \u0161eivamedis paplit\u0119s palei upes, e\u017eerus, m\u0117gsta dr\u0117gnesnes vietas, bet gerai auga ir sausose. Europoje auginami vos keli jo dekoratyviniai kultivarai: \u2018Aurea\u2018, \u2018Laciniata\u2018, \u2018Maxima\u2018, \u2018Rubra\u2018&#8230; Man teko matyti tik \u2018Aurea\u2018, kuris pana\u0161us \u012f juoduogio tokio paties pavadinimo kultivar\u0105, tik geltonumas i\u0161lieka ilgiau ir kiek ry\u0161kesnis. Kaip vaiskr\u016bmiai auginamos kelios veisl\u0117s: \u2018Adams\u2018, \u2018Johns\u2018, \u2018Scotic\u2018, \u2018Kent\u2018, \u2018Nova\u2018 \u2013 i\u0161augina gaus\u0173, iki 7 kg nuo kr\u016bmo derli\u0173, o \u2018York\u2018 vaisiai \u017eymiai didesni, apie 1 cm skersmens. Kad gausiai der\u0117t\u0173 reikia bi\u010di\u0173 ir daug kit\u0173 vabzd\u017ei\u0173, kuriuos privilioja savo kvapu. Kaip vaistinis netgi pranoksta juoduog\u012f \u0161eivamed\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Raudonuogis \u0161eivamedis (<em>S. racemosa<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s14-sambucus-racem-120502-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s14-sambucus-racem-120502-2.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s14-sambucus-racem-120502-2-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s15-sambucus-racem3-100715.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s15-sambucus-racem3-100715.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s15-sambucus-racem3-100715-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tai 3 \u2013 7 klimato zon\u0173 kr\u016bmas, i\u0161augantis 2 \u2013 4 m auk\u0161\u010dio, paplit\u0119s nuo Karaliau\u010diaus srities, per vis\u0105 ryt\u0173 Europ\u0105 ir Vakar\u0173 Sibir\u0105. Toliau \u012f rytus ir Kaukaze auga labai \u012f j\u012f pana\u0161\u016bs sibirinis, arm\u0117ninis \u0161eivamed\u017eiai, kurie dalies botanik\u0173 laikomi raudonuogio por\u016b\u0161iais ar varietetais.&nbsp; Lietuvoje seniai sulauk\u0117j\u0119s, aptinkamas ne tik miest\u0173, gyvenvie\u010di\u0173 \u017eeldiniuose, bet ir mi\u0161kuose, kr\u016bmynuose, ypa\u010d priesm\u0117lio ir sm\u0117lio dirvose po pu\u0161imis ir net dr\u0117gnesniuose medynuose po \u0105\u017euolais, drebul\u0117mis. Labai pana\u0161us \u012f juoduog\u012f, bet jo \u0161ak\u0173 \u0161erdis ruda. \u017diedynai taipogi skiriasi. Jie ne sk\u0117ti\u0161ki, o pana\u0161\u016bs \u012f m\u016bsi\u0161ki\u0173 iev\u0173, \u0161luotel\u0117s \u016bgli\u0173 vir\u0161\u016bn\u0117se. Patys \u017eiedai smulk\u016bs, apie 5 mm, \u0161viesiai gelsvi. \u017dydi gerokai anks\u010diau u\u017e juoduog\u012f \u0161eivamed\u012f, gegu\u017e\u0117s m\u0117nes\u012f. Vaisiai subr\u0119sta liep\u0105 ir kur\u012f laik\u0105 labai puo\u0161ia kr\u016bm\u0105. Iki rudens nulesami pauk\u0161\u010di\u0173 arba po kurio laiko patys nubyra. \u017dmon\u0117ms jie \u0161iek tiek nuodingi. Auga greit. Sodinamas apsauginiuose \u017eeldiniuose, u\u017edengti nei\u0161vaizd\u017eius statinius, \u0161iuk\u0161lynus, pavieniui ir grup\u0117mis parkuose. T\u0117vi\u0161k\u0117je apsodinau sand\u0117liuk\u0105 ir lauko virtuv\u0119 \u2013 i\u0161nyko pel\u0117s&nbsp; ir \u017eiurk\u0117s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Raudonuogio \u0161eivamed\u017eio kultivar\u0173 daug ma\u017eiau, nei juoduogio, nesuskai\u010diuojama n\u0117 10. Bene \u017einomiausias i\u0161 j\u0173&nbsp;<strong>\u2018Plumosa Aurea\u2018<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s16-samb.-rac.-pl.-a2-040616.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s16-samb.-rac.-pl.-a2-040616.jpg 480w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s16-samb.-rac.-pl.-a2-040616-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s17-samb.rac_.-plum.aurea-030709.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s17-samb.rac_.-plum.aurea-030709.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/s17-samb.rac_.-plum.aurea-030709-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jo lapeliai negiliai karpyti, saul\u0117toje vietoje ry\u0161kiai geltoni, o pav\u0117syje gelsvai \u017eali. Kr\u016bmas i\u0161auga apie 2 m auk\u0161\u010dio. Nepaken\u010dia kalking\u0173 dirv\u0173. Dubravos medelyne molingoje \u017eem\u0117je skursdavo, prastai augo, \u017eiem\u0105 stipriai ap\u0161aldavo, o r\u016bg\u0161\u010dioje dr\u0117gnoje dirvoje prie pelkut\u0117s augo puikiai. Lenkai nurodo j\u012f esant 4 klimato zonos augal\u0105, bet, manau, jo atsparum\u0105 pervertina \u2013 praeito \u0161imtme\u010dio \u017eiem\u0173 apie Kaun\u0105 da\u017enai neatlaikydavo. Dar esu augin\u0119s geltonlapius kultivarus \u2018Aurea\u2018 ir \u2018Sutherland Gold\u2018. Neutralioje dirvoje augo neblogai, kalkingoje skurdo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vis\u0173 \u0161eivamed\u017ei\u0173 uogas noriai lesa apie 60 pauk\u0161\u010di\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. D\u017eiovintos juoduogio \u0161eivamed\u017eio uogos mano mamai labai pagelb\u0117davo nuo galvos skausmo. Lapai skleid\u017eiasi labai anksti, vieni pirm\u0173j\u0173 pavasar\u012f. Jie \u2013 kompostuotoj\u0173 svajon\u0117 \u2013 greitai suyra ir skatina kit\u0173 komponent\u0173 irim\u0105. \u017diedus lanko bit\u0117s, kaman\u0117s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/samb.nigra2-030911.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/samb.nigra2-030911.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/samb.nigra2-030911-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rimvydas Kareiva<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nuotraukos Valerijos Baronien\u0117sAtnaujinta Penktadienis, 29 Balandis 2022 17:46<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160EIVAMED\u017dIAI \u0160eivamed\u017eio pavadinimas pamin\u0117tas dar Plinijaus ra\u0161tuose. Manoma, kad jis kil\u0119s nuo \u017eod\u017eio sambuce \u2013 fleita. Graik\u0173 piemenys i\u0161 tu\u0161\u010diaviduri\u0173 j\u0173 kamien\u0173 darydavo \u0161vilpynes. Genties pavadinim\u0105 \u012fteisino K. Lin\u0117jus, remdamasis juoduogio \u0161eivamed\u017eio apra\u0161ymu. Ar jie Lietuvoje savaiminiai? Dar neseniai visi dendrologiniai leidiniai tvirtino \u2013 ne. Tiesa, 1785 metais \u017diliberas, o 1791 m. B. Jundzilas juos mini kaip Lietuvos floros augalus, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=199"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":220,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199\/revisions\/220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologai.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}